In Python, what is the output of the following code: `print('karat.com' in email)`, `print('timeout' in config)`, `print(30 in config)`? Explain why.

In Python, the in operator behaves differently depending on the type of the container. For a string, in checks whether the left‑hand operand is a substring of the right‑hand operand. For a dictionary, in checks whether the left‑hand operand is a key in the dictionary, not a value. Given the code: email = 'alice@karat.com' and config = {'timeout': 30, 'retries': 5}, the three expressions evaluate as follows: 1. 'karat.com' in email → True, because the substring 'karat.com' appears in the email string. 2. 'timeout' in config → True, because 'timeout' is a key in the dictionary. 3. 30 in config → False, because 30 is a value, not a key. If you wanted to check whether 30 is a value, you would use 30 in config.values(). Thus, the correct output is: True, True, False. This illustrates that in is context‑sensitive: it checks for substrings in strings, keys in dictionaries, and membership in sequences or sets. For example, 5 in [1, 2, 3, 5] returns True, and 5 in {1, 2, 3} also returns True. The in operator is syntactic sugar for calling the container's __contains__ method, so you can override it in custom classes to customize membership logic.