How do you handle authorization for an AI agent that serves all users? How do you enforce per‑user rules after the user logs in, given that the AI agent is the same for everyone?

Authorization for a shared AI agent is typically handled by embedding user context into the request and enforcing policies at runtime. When a user logs in, the authentication service issues a JWT containing claims such as user ID, roles, and permissions. The client includes this token in every request to the AI agent. The agent extracts the claims and passes them to a policy engine (e.g., AWS IAM, OPA, or a custom rule set). The policy engine evaluates the request against the user’s permissions and returns an allow/deny decision. For per‑user data access, the agent can inject a filter into the query (e.g., WHERE owner_id = :user_id). If the agent is stateless, the policy check is performed on each request, ensuring that even though the same code runs for all users, the output is tailored. Additionally, you can use role‑based access control (RBAC) or attribute‑based access control (ABAC) to manage fine‑grained rules. Logging every authorization decision also aids in auditing and compliance.